ABSTRACT
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Corynebacterium striatum has been cited with increased frequency as pathogen of nosocomial infections. In this study, we report the draft genome of a C. striatum isolated from a patient with bloodstream infection in a hospital of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The isolate presented susceptibility only to tetracycline, vancomycin and linezolid. The detection of various antibiotic resistance genes is fully consistent with previously observed multidrug-resistant pattern in Corynebacterium spp. A large part of the pTP10 plasmid of MDR C. striatum M82B is present in the genome of our isolate. A SpaDEF cluster and seven arrays of CRISPR-Cas were found.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cross Infection/transmission , Genome/genetics , Corynebacterium Infections/therapy , Brazil/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The genus Mycobacterium is highly diverse and ubiquitous in nature, comprehending fast- and slow-growing species with distinct impact in public health. The plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer represents one of the major events in bacteria evolution. Here, we report the complete sequence of a 160,489 bp circular plasmid (pCBMA213_2) from an atypical and fast-growing environmental mycobacteria. This is a unique plasmid, in comparison with the characterised mycobacteria plasmids, harboring a type IV-like and ESX-P2 type VII secretion systems. pCBMA213_2 can be further explored for evolutionary and conjugation studies as well as a tool to manipulate DNA within this bacteria genus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Plasmids/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Type VII Secretion Systems/genetics , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/genetics , Sequence AnalysisABSTRACT
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that emerged in Brazil by late 2014. In the country, two CHIKV foci characterized by the East/Central/South Africa and Asian genotypes, were established in North and Northeast regions. We characterized, by phylogenetic analyses of full and partial genomes, CHIKV from Rio de Janeiro state (2014-2015). These CHIKV strains belong to the Asian genotype, which is the determinant of the current Northern Brazilian focus, even though the genome sequence presents particular single nucleotide variations. This study provides the first genetic characterisation of CHIKV in Rio de Janeiro and highlights the potential impact of human mobility in the spread of an arthropod-borne virus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chikungunya virus/genetics , Brazil , Chikungunya Fever/transmission , Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification , PhylogenyABSTRACT
We report the complete genome sequence and analysis of an invasive Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain that caused endocarditis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was selected for sequencing on the basis of the current relevance of nontoxigenic strains for public health. The genomic information was explored in the context of diversity, plasticity and genetic relatedness with other contemporary strains.
Subject(s)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Genome, Bacterial/genetics , Brazil , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/classification , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/pathogenicity , Diphtheria/genetics , Phylogeny , VirulenceABSTRACT
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) infects individuals worldwide and is associated with an ample range of pathologies and clinical manifestations. B19V is classified into three distinct genotypes, all identified in Brazil. Here, we report a complete sequence of a B19V genotype 1A that was obtained by high-throughput metagenomic sequencing. This genome provides information that will contribute to the studies on B19V epidemiology and evolution.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Genome, Viral/genetics , /genetics , Brazil , Fatal Outcome , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , /classification , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
There has been a resurgence in the number of pertussis cases in Brazil and around the world. Here, the genome of a clinical Bordetella pertussis strain (Bz181) that was recently isolated in Brazil is reported. Analysis of the virulence-associated genes defining the pre- and post-vaccination lineages revealed the presence of the prn2-ptxS1A-fim3B-ptxP3 allelic profile in Bz181, which is characteristic of the current pandemic lineage. A putative metallo-β-lactamase gene presenting all of the conserved zinc-binding motifs that characterise the catalytic site was identified, in addition to a multidrug efflux pump of the RND family that could confer resistance to erythromycin, which is the antibiotic of choice for treating pertussis disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bordetella pertussis/genetics , Genome, Bacterial , Virulence Factors, Bordetella/genetics , Whooping Cough/microbiology , Alleles , Brazil , Bordetella pertussis/classification , Bordetella pertussis/pathogenicity , Whooping Cough/geneticsABSTRACT
Vibrio cholerae é o agente causal da cólera, uma infecção ancestral, epidêmica e pandêmica, que é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no mundo. A humanidade já passou por, pelo menos, seis pandemias de cólera e, atualmente, vive no contexto da sétima pandemia. V. cholerae é classificado em mais de 200 sorogrupos e alguns biotipos. Linhagens de V. cholerae O1 do biótipo clássico e do biotipo El Tor estão relacionadas à sexta (18991923) e à sétima (1960 - .) pandemias de cólera, respectivamente. A sétima pandemia chegou à América Latina em 1991 sendo que, inicialmente, sua origem foi relacionada ao Sudoeste Asiático, região endêmica e epidêmica de cólera. Uma segunda hipótese sugere uma origem ambiental local. A partir do início deste século, a epidemia se extinguiu, restando apenas eventuais relatos de casos isolados. Sob a ótica da genética e genômica do V. cholerae, estudamos a linhagem da epidemia da América Latina (AL). Nossos objetivos eram inferir sua origem e identificar marcadores genômicos que possibilitassem seu monitoramento. Utilizamos informações obtidas in vitro e in silico para estabelecer relações genéticas entre isolados de V. cholerae de antes, durante e depois da epidemia que atingiu a América Latina. Analisamos regiões do genoma core e do genoma acessório. Realizamos análises de genômica comparativa com informação de 355 V. cholerae, clínicos e ambientais, de diferentes anos e regiões geográficas. Com base em três genes do genoma core, nossos resultados mostram que a linhagem da epidemia da AL pertence ao clado El Tor, e por sua vez, os genótipos dos principais determinantes de virulência ctxB e tcpA, (genoma acessório), os agrupa com isolados do início da sétima pandemia, incluindo o canônico N16961. As análises genômicas e filogenéticas revelaram a presença de um profago (WASA1) e de uma variante exclusiva da ilha genômica VSP-II. A VSP-II da linhagem da AL é caracterizada por seu gene da integrase e uma inserção de 7 Kb, que contém três genes putativos. Curiosamente, os dois marcadores, que fazem parte do genoma acessório desta linhagem, WASA1 e VSP-II, apresentam relação de similaridade com elementos genéticos identificados em Vibrio vulnificus/Vibrio parahaemolyticus e Vibrio vulnificus/V. cholerae do ambiente, respectivamente. Estes marcadores seriam, portanto, uma fração do mobiloma que evoluiu e se fixou na linhagem de V. cholerae da epidemia da América Latina.
Subject(s)
Cholera , Epidemiology , Genetic Linkage , Genetic Markers , Genomics , Vibrio choleraeABSTRACT
Los abscesos retroperitoneales postapendicectomía son infrecuentes, y generalmente se asocian a apéndices de ubicación retrocecal. La descripción de abscesos retroperitoneales secundarios a la cirugía laparoscópica son excepcionales. No hemos encontrado publicaciones que refieran la aparición de estos abscesos luego de una apendicectomía por vía laparoscópica. Reportamos dos casos operados en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile que presentaron esta complicación. Se trataba en ambos casos de pacientes immunocompetentes, con apendicitis no complicada, al momento de la cirugía. El estudio post operatorio con Tomografía Axial Computada reveló la presencia de abscesos retroperitoneales